Verkkocollars (ecs) in cats and dogs is controversial because they deliver electrical stimulation as a means of discouraging the animal from an unwanted activity.

In a study of hunting dogs, for example, aversive conditioning with a shock.

The aims of this study were to give an indication of the extent to which dog owners.

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Verkkothe use of electronic training devices for dog training is controversial.

Verkkoshock collars have reportedly been used to suppress predatory behaviour with some success.

With reference to welfare concerns, the justification is that predation.

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